Dark skin around neck-causes-symptoms-treatments

Dark skin around the neck, a.k.a. Acanthosis Nigricans (AN), is a skin condition where parts of the human body which fold and crease, become dark and velvety and eventually thicken. Though they can appear anywhere on the body, they are most common in the neck, armpits and groin. This is common among people who have diabetes and/or are obese. In children, this is a possible sign of type 2 diabetes in the future.

Causes:

This skin condition is often associated with:

1. Some types of drugs and supplements like birth control pills, steroids and high doses of niacin or vitamin B3.
2. Hormonal disorders like ovarian cysts, adrenal gland problems or underactive thyroid gland.
3. Resistance to insulin. Insulin, secreted by the pancreas, allows the body to process sugar, and resistance to insulin eventually leads to type 2 diabetes.
4. Cancer. This condition also occurs when a cancerous tumour begins growing in an internal organ like the liver, colon or stomach. 
5. Obesity and genetics are also important factors. 

Symptoms:

1. Moderate to severe itching in the affected areas.
2. Skin colouration can change into either brown or black.
3. It has a velvet-like feel and is thicker than the surrounding area.
4. Sometimes there may be a bad odour, too.

Diagnosis:

Generally, a visual skin exam is all that may be necessary. But, sometimes a small skin sample may be taken for a lab test. If the causes of AN are still unclear, then blood tests, X-rays and other tests may be advised.

Treatment:

In most cases, simply treating the underlying causes can lead to the discolouration fading away. This could involve losing weight, stopping the drugs and supplements that are being used. If the AN is caused because of a cancer tumour, then surgery to remove the tumour may be necessary.

If the skin becomes uncomfortable and/or the appearance and odour is not acceptable, then the doctor may prescribe topical antibiotics; skin-softening cream; antibacterial soap.

As Acanthosis Nigricans usually takes months or years to form and appear, if it appears very suddenly, one should immediately consult with a specialist.

Blog reviewed by: Dr. Priya J Talageri
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